An acoustic neuroma — also called a vestibular schwannoma — is a non-cancerous, slow-growing tumour that develops on the vestibulocochlear nerve. This nerve runs from the inner ear to the brainstem and is responsible for both hearing and balance.

The tumour usually affects only one side and develops gradually over time. Because it grows in a narrow space deep within the skull, even a small acoustic neuroma can press on nearby nerves or brain structures. Though not malignant, the tumour can still have significant effects on everyday life and health.

Why Does It Happen?

In most cases, acoustic neuromas occur sporadically, with no clear cause and no family history. Scientists believe they originate from the Schwann cells — the cells that form a protective covering around nerves. When these cells begin to grow uncontrollably, a tumour forms.

In rare cases, acoustic neuromas are linked to a genetic disorder called Neurofibromatosis Type II (NF2), which causes tumours to grow on nerves throughout the body, often on both sides of the head. However, most people with acoustic neuroma do not have NF2.

While research is ongoing, no environmental, dietary, or lifestyle factors have been definitively linked to the development of these tumours.

What Does It Feel Like in the Body?

Because acoustic neuromas grow slowly, symptoms often creep in gradually — making them hard to notice at first. In many cases, people don’t seek help until the tumour has already caused mild to moderate nerve damage.

Common Symptoms:

• Hearing loss in one ear – Often the first and most noticeable symptom. It may feel like your ear is “muffled” or that you’re constantly missing parts of conversations.

• Tinnitus – A persistent ringing, buzzing, or hissing sound in the affected ear.

• Balance problems – You may feel unsteady on your feet, especially in the dark or on uneven ground.

• Vertigo or dizziness – A spinning sensation, though this is less common.

• Fullness in the ear – Like water is trapped inside.

• Facial numbness or tingling – If the tumour begins to press on the facial nerve.

• Headaches or pressure – Usually in later stages or if the tumour grows larger.

These symptoms may be subtle at first, and some people adapt to them without realizing something is wrong. That’s why early diagnosis is often delayed — and why learning the signs can make a real difference.

How Is It Diagnosed?

An acoustic neuroma is typically found through imaging tests, especially an MRI scan, often after someone reports hearing changes or balance issues. The diagnosis may follow:

• A hearing test (audiogram) showing asymmetrical hearing loss

• A physical exam ruling out ear infections or other common causes

• A referral to a neurologist or ENT specialist for further evaluation

Sometimes the tumour is discovered incidentally — during imaging for unrelated reasons like headaches or trauma.

How Does It Show Up in Life?

Living with an acoustic neuroma affects more than just hearing or balance — it can impact your work, relationships, emotions, and sense of self.

You may find:

• Conversations in noisy places become difficult

• Driving or walking at night feels more stressful due to balance changes

• Fatigue becomes more common, especially when your body is working harder to compensate for balance issues

• You feel anxious or frustrated about the uncertainty — not knowing if or how symptoms will change

The emotional journey can be just as real as the physical one. Many people experience a mix of:

• Relief at having an explanation for strange symptoms

• Fear of what the diagnosis means for the future

• Frustration about slow referrals, misunderstood symptoms, or changes to daily life

• Isolation, especially if others don’t fully understand what you’re experiencing

That’s why connection and clarity are so important.